Researchers Develop Blood Test to Detect Cancer Early

Category: Health

Listening

Unlocking Word Meanings

Read the following words/expressions found in today’s article.

  1. detect / dɪˈtɛkt / (v) – to find something
    Example:

    Doctors can usually detect your illness during a medical exam.


  2. efficiency / ɪˈfɪʃ ən si / (n) – the state of being able to accomplish one’s purpose without being wasteful
    Example:

    Scientists test the efficiency of new treatment methods to find out if they should be used on patients.


  3. mutation / myuˈteɪ ʃən / (n) – an abnormality
    Example:

    Not all genetic mutations lead to cancer; some of them can be repaired by the body.


  4. (has) a long way to go / ə lɔŋ weɪ tu goʊ / (idiom) – having a lot of work to do to progress or improve
    Example:

    I still have a long way to go before graduating from medical school.


  5. screen / skrin / (v) – to examine someone for disease
    Example:

    Doctors screen babies for disease shortly after birth.


Article

Read the text below.

Researchers from Johns Hopkins University are developing a blood test that can detect early-stage cancer.


Currently, other blood tests in the market can only track efficiency of cancer treatments or detect late-stage cancer. The new blood test involves determining the sequence of a person’s DNA to look for mutations, which are usually found in the DNA of cancer patients.


In an experiment using the new blood test, the researchers were able to find a high percentage of early-stage cancer in patients. They correctly identified 62% of patients with stage 1 cancer. They had a higher success rate for late-stage cancer.


Though the results seemed good, the researchers still want to work on having a higher success rate. They plan to conduct the blood test on a larger group of patients and with more varied types of cancer.


The researchers also said that they still have a long way to go before they reach their goal, which is to detect cancer at its earliest stage. They aim to screen for cancer mutations before patients even show symptoms. In the future, they also want to test on people with high risk of cancer but do not show symptoms, like smokers.


While the study focuses on looking for mutations to detect cancer early, there have been previous methods that use risk assessment to battle cancer.


In 2013, Hollywood actress Angelina Jolie underwent preventive surgery because she had a high risk of developing cancer. Through tests, she found out that she carries a gene that gives her a high chance of getting cancer, so she had some of her body parts removed. Shortly after Jolie made her story public, many people also underwent tests to assess their risks of getting cancer.


Viewpoint Discussion

Enjoy a discussion with your tutor.

Discussion A

• Do you think that medical breakthroughs on cancer are making people’s view of the disease less negative? Discuss.
• What should go hand-in-hand with early detection of cancer to make sure that patients would have a high chance of defeating it? Discuss.

Discussion B

• If you had the same influence as Angelina Jolie, would you also publicize your condition to raise awareness about cancer prevention? Why or why not?
• Would you also go through the same lengths as Jolie to prevent cancer (e.g. undergo surgery even if you have no tumor)? Why or why not?