Meet the hominins brought back from the ancient past

Category: (Self-Study) Human Interest

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John Gurche helps people understand how ancient humans looked by creating lifelike models based on archaeological finds. The work requires a mix of artistic skill and scientific knowledge.

Gurche is a paleo artist, who creates lifelike models of our ancient human cousins at his studio in upstate New York. He studies fossils from around the world. He bases his work as much as possible on the available evidence. 

Gurche is trying to reshape the perception of ancient humans like the Neanderthals. They’ve often been shown as primitive cavemen, who died out because we were better versions, but a growing body of science is challenging that story.

In recent years, researchers have gained the power to pull DNA from ancient hominins, including our long-dead ancestors and other relatives who walked on two legs. The field has shed new light on how our species, Homo sapiens, came to be and suggested that these other extinct groups may be closer to us than we thought.

“I have to basically switch heads when I’m working. I have to make sure that I’m paying attention to aesthetic concerns, things like facial expression and that sort of thing. And I also have to make sure I’m true to the science,” Gurche said.

Gurche is meticulous and the work is time-consuming. He builds a face in clay over a cast of a skull, muscle by muscle, gland by gland. That reconstruction is then molded so it can be cast in silicone. Hair is added to the silicone reconstruction, strand by strand. “In my training, and also in my early years of my art career, I was doing a lot of paleontology-focused art in a sort of general way,” he says.

“But my first love was always human evolution because I think of the evolution of humans on Earth as one of the most remarkable points in the history of life,” Gurche added. His work has been shown in museums around the world, including the Smithsonian, the American Museum of Natural History, and the Field Museum in Chicago.

This article was provided by The Associated Press.

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[Paleo artist John Gurche applying hair to re-creation of Neanderthal head]

[Gurche picking up hair]

[Gurche applying hair]

[Gurche’s face]

[Gurche applying hair]

John Gurche (interview): “So, this is a Neanderthal from a site called Shanidar in what is now Iraq and discovered in the 50s, I think. And it really changed the way, started changing the way we think about Neanderthals. And, of course, the caveman image is very difficult to get rid of for some reason. And probably the last ten headlines you’ve read about Neanderthals is that they weren’t as stupid as we thought.”

[Shelf of skulls]

[Heads]

[Gurche testing eye in Neanderthal head]

[Gurche testing eye]

John Gurche (interview): “I definitely have to be very much an artist and very much a scientist when I work on this kind of project. And I have to basically switch heads when I’m working. I have to make sure that I’m paying attention to aesthetic concerns, things like facial expression and that sort of thing. And I also have to make sure I’m true to the science.”

[Heads on table]

[Gurche cutting hair]

[Gurche putting hair on full-body re-creation of Australopithecus]

[Gurche applying hair to body]

[Gurche’s eyes]

John Gurche (interview): “In my training, and also in my early years of my art career, I was doing a lot of paleontology focused art in a sort of general way. But my first love was always human evolution because I think of the evolution of humans on Earth as one of the most remarkable points in the history of life.”

[Gurche working]

John Gurche (interview): “These were complex beings. These weren’t, again, the brooding, brutish cavemen of popular mythology. And so, I wanted to convey an individual, a sort of a wistful expression.”

[Gurche applying hair]

[Gurche working on head]

This script was provided by The Associated Press.